Record linkage
A near-synonym of entity resolution, particularly in academic and healthcare contexts.
Record linkage is the academic / public-health term for what the industry usually calls entity resolution. Same underlying problem (matching records that refer to the same real-world entity), same techniques (blocking + scoring + clustering), heavier overlap with statistics literature.
The distinction is mostly historical: record linkage grew out of census + epidemiological work in the 1950s-60s (Newcombe, Fellegi-Sunter); entity resolution as a term gained currency in the 2000s when database / information-retrieval researchers adopted the problem.
In practice the terms are interchangeable. If you're talking to a healthcare or government data team they'll use "record linkage." If you're talking to a SaaS company they'll use "entity resolution" or just "deduplication."